PROJECT TITLE :

Simulation Studies for Electromagnetic Design of INO ICAL Magnet and Its Response to Muons

ABSTRACT:

The iron calorimeter (ICAL) detector at the India-primarily based Neutrino Observatory (INO) can be used to measure neutrino mass hierarchy. The magnet in the ICAL detector can be used to distinguish the $mu ^-$ and $mu ^+$ events induced by $nu _mu $ and anti- $nu _mu $ , respectively. Because of the importance of the magnet in ICAL, an electromagnetic simulation has been applied to study the $B$ -field distribution in iron using numerous designs. The simulation shows better uniformity in the portion of the iron layer between the coils, that is bounded by regions that have lesser field strength as we have a tendency to move to the periphery of the iron layer. The ICAL magnet was configured to have a tiling structure that gave the minimum reluctance path, while keeping a fairly uniform field pattern. This interprets into less ampere-turns needed for generation of the desired magnetic field. At low ampere-turns, a bigger fractional area with $|B|ge 1$ T will be obtained using a soft magnetic material. A study of the impact of the magnetic field on muon trajectories has been allotted using GEANT4. For muons up to twenty GeV, the energy resolution improves as the magnetic field increases from one.one to one.eight T. The charge identification efficiency for muons was found to be >ninety% aside from giant zenith angles.